Identification of sphingosine 1-phosphate level and MAPK/ERK signaling in pancreatic β cells

Purpose@#Sphingosine kinase is a lipid kinase that phosphorylates sphingosine to generate sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). S1P regulates pancreatic islet β-cell endoplasmic reticulum stress and proliferation. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes share some key pathogenic processes. In this study, we investigated whether secretion of insulin and production of S1P is altered in alloxan and glucose-treated cells from the rat pancreatic β-cell line RIN-5F. @*Methods@#RIN-5F cells were treated with 2 mM alloxan and 20 mM glucose for 6 hours or 24 hours before being evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. @*Results@#Insulin secretion and expression was higher in RIN-5F cells treated with glucose compared to control cells. In contrast, alloxan treatment did not affect insulin secretion and expression in RIN-5F cells. Interestingly, compared with normal control levels, S1P/EDG-5 was increased in both alloxan and glucose-treated pancreatic β cell than normal control. Mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) inhibition strongly decreased the expression of insulin and S1P in glucose- or alloxan-treated RIN-5F cells. @*Conclusion@#We observe that production of S1P is increased in both diabetic cell models. In addition, MAPK/ERK signaling regulates secretion of insulin and S1P expression in pancreatic β-cells. Based on the literature and our findings, S1P may be a promising agent for the treatment of insulin-related disorders.

Accuracy of 2D CT-Based Measurements of Rotational Alignment of the Femoral Component for Total Knee Arthroplasty

Purpose@#We aimed to investigate the accuracy of two-dimensional computed tomography (2D-CT)-based methods for measuring rotational alignment of the femoral component during total knee arthroplasty in comparison to reference values for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. @*Materials and Methods@#We selected the “most protruding transepicondylar axis section,” “most protruding posterior condylar line section,” and “distal femoral cut section” on 2D-CT images for 100 knees. We investigated posterior condylar angle (PCA) and condylar twist angle (CTA) values using three different methods on 2D-CT and compared to these values to those obtained using a 3D model. @*Results@#The mean PCA and CTA values were 2.8° and 7.0° on the 3D model and 2.0° to 2.1° and 5.9° to 6.0° on 2D-CT, respectively. Errors in PCA and CTA measurement included internal rotation of 0.8° and 1.1° with the 1-plane and 2-plane methods and 0.9° and 1.0° with the assumed resection method, respectively. @*Conclusion@#Mean errors in PCA and CTA values measured using three different methods on 2D-CT were not significantly different. However, PCA and CTA values measured on 2D-CT were approximately 1° smaller than their 3D values. Thus, we suggest that adding 1° to the mean PCA and CTA values obtained from a single plane of 2D-CT would provide values similar to those obtained from 3D reconstruction.

Accuracy of 2D CT-Based Measurements of Rotational Alignment of the Femoral Component for Total Knee Arthroplasty

Purpose@#We aimed to investigate the accuracy of two-dimensional computed tomography (2D-CT)-based methods for measuring rotational alignment of the femoral component during total knee arthroplasty in comparison to reference values for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. @*Materials and Methods@#We selected the “most protruding transepicondylar axis section,” “most protruding posterior condylar line section,” and “distal femoral cut section” on 2D-CT images for 100 knees. We investigated posterior condylar angle (PCA) and condylar twist angle (CTA) values using three different methods on 2D-CT and compared to these values to those obtained using a 3D model. @*Results@#The mean PCA and CTA values were 2.8° and 7.0° on the 3D model and 2.0° to 2.1° and 5.9° to 6.0° on 2D-CT, respectively. Errors in PCA and CTA measurement included internal rotation of 0.8° and 1.1° with the 1-plane and 2-plane methods and 0.9° and 1.0° with the assumed resection method, respectively. @*Conclusion@#Mean errors in PCA and CTA values measured using three different methods on 2D-CT were not significantly different. However, PCA and CTA values measured on 2D-CT were approximately 1° smaller than their 3D values. Thus, we suggest that adding 1° to the mean PCA and CTA values obtained from a single plane of 2D-CT would provide values similar to those obtained from 3D reconstruction.

Evaluation of Antifungal Activities of Bee Venom Components Against Malassezia Strains / 대한의진균학회지

BACKGROUND@#Several studies about bee venom components have reported anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. Malassezia species are components of skin flora, and also associated with many dermatologic diseases such as seborrheic dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor, folliculitis, and atopic dermatitis.@*OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the antifungal activity of bee venom components, melittin, and apamin, against Malassezia strains.@*METHODS@#With 10 Malassezia species, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were tested with bee venom, and Zinc pyrithione as a reference antifungal agent.@*RESULTS@#Whole bee venom, melittin, and apamin did not show any antifungal activity against Malassezia species at the concentrations tested.@*CONCLUSION@#Although bee venom do not have anti-Malassezia activities, it is known to have antifungal activities against other fungal strains. Therefore, further study should consider revealing the mechanism of antifungal activity against fungus and other possible target strains of fungi.

Antifungal Effects of Bee Venom Components on Trichophyton rubrum: A Novel Approach of Bee Venom Study for Possible Emerging Antifungal Agent

BACKGROUND: Bee venom (BV) has been widely investigated for potential medical uses. Recent inadvertent uses of BV based products have shown to mitigate signs of fungal infections. However, the component mediating the antifungal effect has not been identified. OBJECTIVE: This investigation compares bee venom in its whole and partial forms to evaluate the possible component responsible for the antifungal effect. METHODS: Forty-eight plates inoculated with Trichophyton rubrum were allocated into four groups. The groups were treated with raw BV (RBV), melittin, apamin and BV based mist (BBM) respectively and each group was further allocated accordingly to three different concentrations. The areas were measured every other day for 14 days to evaluate the kinetic changes of the colonies. RESULTS: The interactions of ratio differences over interval were confirmed in groups treated with RBV and BBM. In RBV, the level of differences were achieved in groups treated with 10 mg/100 µl (p=0.026) and 40 mg/100 µl (p=0.000). The mean difference of ratio in groups treated with RBV was evident in day 3 and day 5. The groups that were treated with melittin or apamin did not show any significant interaction. In BBM groups, the significant levels of ratio differences over time intervals were achieved in groups treated with 200 µl/100 µl (p=0.000) and 300 µl/100 µl (p=0.030). CONCLUSION: The the bee venom in its whole form delivered a significant level of inhibition and we concluded that the venom in separated forms are not effective. Moreover, BV based products may exert as potential antifungal therapeutics.

Utility of False Profile View for Screening of Ischiofemoral Impingement / 대한고관절학회지

PURPOSE: Ischiofemoral impingement (IFI)-primarily diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-is an easily overlooked disease due to its low incidence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of false profile view as a screening test for IFI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight patients diagnosed with IFI between June 2013 and July 2017 were enrolled in this retrospective study. A control group (n=58) with matching propensity scores (age, gender, and body mass index) were also included. Ischiofemoral space (IFS) was measured as the shortest distance between the lateral cortex of the ischium and the medial cortex of lesser trochanter in weight bearing hip anteroposterior (AP) view and false profile view. MRI was used to measure IFS and quadratus femoris space (QFS). The receiver operating characteristics (ROC), area under the ROC curve (AUC) and cutoff point of the IFS were measured by false profile images, and the correlation between the IFS and QFS was analyzed using the MRI scans. RESULTS: In the false profile view and hip AP view, patients with IFI had significantly decreased IFS (P < 0.01). In the false profile view, ROC AUC (0.967) was higher than in the hip AP view (0.841). Cutoff value for differential diagnosis of IFI in the false profile view was 10.3 mm (sensitivity, 88.2%; specificity, 88.4%). IFS correlated with IFS (r=0.744) QFS (0.740) in MRI and IFS (0.621) in hip AP view (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: IFS on false profile view can be used as a screening tool for potential IFI.

Does Simultaneous Computed Tomography and Quantitative Computed Tomography Show Better Prescription Rate than Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry for Osteoporotic Hip Fracture? / 대한고관절학회지

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of simultaneous computed tomography (CT) and quantitative CT (QCT) in patients with osteoporotic hip fracture (OHF) by analyzing the osteoporosis detection rate and physician prescription rate in comparison with those of conventional dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included consecutive patients older than 65 years who underwent internal fixation or hip arthroplasty for OHF between February and May 2015. The patients were assigned to either the QCT (47 patients) or DXA group (51 patients). The patients in the QCT group underwent QCT with hip CT, whereas those in the DXA group underwent DXA after surgery, before discharge, or in the outpatient clinic. In both groups, the patients received osteoporosis medication according to their QCT or DXA results. The osteoporosis evaluation rate and prescription rate were determined at discharge, postoperative (PO) day 2, PO day 6, and PO week 12 during an outpatient clinic visit. RESULTS: The osteoporosis evaluation rate at PO week 12 was 70.6% (36 of 51 patients) in the DXA group and 100% in the QCT group (P < 0.01). The prescription rates of osteoporosis medication at discharge were 70.2% and 29.4% (P < 0.001) and the cumulative prescription rates at PO week 12 were 87.2% and 60.8% (P=0.003) in the QCT and DXA groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous CT and QCT significantly increased the evaluation and prescription rates in patients with OHF and may enable appropriate and consistent prescription of osteoporosis medication, which may eventually lead to patients' medication compliance.

Management of Blood Loss in Hip Arthroplasty: Korean Hip Society Current Consensus / 대한고관절학회지

The volume of hip arthroplasty is stiffly increasing because of excellent clinical outcomes, however it has not been shown to decrease the incidence of transfusions due to bleeding related to this surgery. This is an important consideration since there are concerns about the side effects and social costs of transfusions. First, anemia should be assessed at least 30 days before elective hip arthroplasty, and if the subject is diagnosed as having anemia, an additional examination of the cause of the anemia should be carried and steps taken to address the anemia. Available iron treatments for anemia take 7 to 10 days to facilitate erythropoiesis, and preoperative iron supplementation, either oral or intravenous, is recommended. When using oral supplements for iron storage, administer elemental iron 100 mg daily for 2 to 6 weeks before surgery, and calculate the dose using intravenous supplement. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a synthetic derivative of the lysine component, which reduces blood loss by inhibiting fibrinolysis and clot degradation. TXA is known to be an effective agent for reducing postoperative bleeding and reducing the need for transfusions in primary and revision total hip arthroplasties. Patient blood management has improved the clinical outcome after hip arthroplasty through the introduction and research of various agents, thereby reducing the need for allogeneic blood transfusions and reducing the risk of transfusion-related infections and the duration of hospitalizations.

The Effects of Adherence to Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Factors Influencing Drug Adherence in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of knee osteoarthritis patients according to drug adherence; and to find out the factors the affecting those outcomes. We analyzed the drug adherence and clinical outcomes in 1,334 primary knee osteoarthritis patients who took non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for 3 weeks. Clinical outcomes of Pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and EQ-5D were compared at baseline and 3 weeks' follow-up between the two groups of adherent group and non-adherent group (1,167 vs. 167 patients). Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors affecting the adherence, and the reasons for the non-adherence were asked. The follow-up clinical outcomes of NRS and KOOS symptom, pain and activity of daily life were significantly higher in the adherence group (P = 0.003, P = 0.048, P = 0.005, and P = 0.003, respectively). The adherence was better in the elderly and in the male group (P = 0.042 and P = 0.034, respectively) and the top reason for no strict adherence was "symptom improved" (21.5%) followed by side effects. In this study, the patients with better adherence to NSAIDs showed better outcomes compared to those with poor adherence. This study can contribute to the patient education for the pharmacological treatment in knee OA patients.

The Results of Long-term Follow-up of Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Hydroxyapatite-coated Cups / 대한고관절학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to report the long-term outcome and the failure mechanism of cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) using hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated acetabular cup. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1992 to May 1994, a total of 123 consecutive cementless primary THAs were performed using a HA-coated acetabular cup with metal-on-polyethylene articulation. We retrospectively evaluated 66 hips available for follow-up at a mean 18.3 years (range, 10.4-23.6 years). The survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method. We defined end point as any failure that required a reoperation of acetabular component. RESULTS: Thirty-nine of 66 hips (59.1%) were defined as a failure for progressive acetabular osteolysis or aseptic loosening of the cup. Acetabular osteolysis was observed in 47 hips (71.2%) and 33 hips (50.0%) were revised because of cup loosening. The Kaplan-Meier method showed the survival rate of the acetabular cup to be 46.3% at 15 years and 34.8% at 20 years for any failure that required a reoperation of acetabular component. CONCLUSION: The long-term survival rate of THA using HA-coated acetabular cup was unsatisfactory, and it was attributed to vulnerable property of HA coating and progressive osteolysis.

Effect of Manganese Content on the Magnetic Susceptibility of Ferrous-Manganese Alloys: Correlation between Microstructure on X-Ray Diffraction and Size of the Low-Intensity Area on MRI

PURPOSE: There is an ongoing search for a stent material that produces a reduced susceptibility artifact. This study evaluated the effect of manganese (Mn) content on the MRI susceptibility artifact of ferrous-manganese (Fe-Mn) alloys, and investigated the correlation between MRI findings and measurements of Fe-Mn microstructure on X-ray diffraction (XRD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fe-Mn binary alloys were prepared with Mn contents varying from 10% to 35% by weight (i.e., 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35%; designated as Fe-10Mn, Fe-15Mn, Fe-20Mn, Fe-25Mn, Fe-30Mn, and Fe-35Mn, respectively), and their microstructure was evaluated using XRD. Three-dimensional spoiled gradient echo sequences of cylindrical specimens were obtained in parallel and perpendicular to the static magnetic field (B0). In addition, T1-weighted spin echo, T2-weighted fast spin echo, and T2*-weighted gradient echo images were obtained. The size of the low-intensity area on MRI was measured for each of the Fe-Mn binary alloys prepared. RESULTS: Three phases of alpha'-martensite, gamma-austenite, and epsilon-martensite were seen on XRD, and their composition changed from alpha'-martensite to gamma-austenite and/or epsilon-martensite, with increasing Mn content. The Fe-10Mn and Fe-15Mn specimens comprised alpha'-martensite, the Fe-20Mn and Fe-25Mn specimens comprised gamma+epsilon phases, and the Fe-30Mn and Fe-35Mn specimens exhibited a single gamma phase. The size of the low-intensity areas of Fe-Mn on MRI decreased relative to its microstructure on XRD with increasing Mn content. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, proper conditioning of the Mn content in Fe-Mn alloys will improve its visibility on MR angiography, and a Mn content of more than 25% is recommended to reduce the magnetic susceptibility artifacts on MRI. A reduced artifact of Fe-Mn alloys on MRI is closely related to the paramagnetic constitution of gamma-austenite and/or epsilon-martensite.

A Case of Acute Kidney Injury Complicated During Therapy of Warfarin Anticoagulation after the Prosthetic Heart Valve Replacement / 계명의대학술지

A 58-year-old male patient was admitted with the weakness feeling of right upper extremity. The patient, who had been done the replacement of prosthetic mitral and aortic valves 17 years ago, is taking a warfarin to prevent the systemic thromboembolism. On admission, laboratory tests revealed that the prothrombin time international normalized ratio (PT INR) was abnormal as 6.21, serum creatinine level increased to 10.46 mg/dL. The renal biopsy was performed to find the cause of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Biopsy Specimens showed the evidence of acute tubular injury and glomerular hemorrhage: red blood cells (RBCs) in Bowman space and numerous occlusive RBC casts in tubules. We experience a case of AKI as a result of the inappropriate warfarin monitoring, which is developed by the glomerular hemorrhage and renal tubular obstruction through RBC casts. We suggest that patients with warfarin therapy need to monitor the kidney function and blood coagulation indicators carefully.

Erratum: A Case of Acute Kidney Injury in a Patient with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Receiving Ethambutol Therapy / 대한내과학회지

We correct the revised date of this article.

A Case of Acute Kidney Injury in a Patient with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Receiving Ethambutol Therapy / 대한내과학회지

Ethambutol is commonly used as a first-line drug for the treatment of tuberculosis. The most serious adverse effect of ethambutol therapy is optic neuropathy. However, ethambutol-induced acute kidney injury is extremely rare. We report herein a case of acute kidney injury secondary to ethambutol-associated acute interstitial nephritis. A 65-year-old man with pulmonary tuberculosis presented with a > 7-day history of nausea and vomiting. He had begun antituberculosis medications including ethambutol 3 weeks previously. His laboratory findings showed elevated blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels (32.6 and 3.6 mg/dL, respectively). Examination of percutaneous renal biopsy specimens showed diffuse interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration with mild interstitial edema. The patient was treated by cessation of ethambutol and supportive care. His renal function completely recovered (creatinine, 1.1 mg/dL) and his clinical symptoms improved.

A Case of Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy in a Patient with Kimura's Disease / 영남의대학술지

Kimura's disease is an angiolymphoid-proliferative disorder that manifests with benign subcutaneous swelling predominantly in the head and the neck. Kidney involvement, including proteinuria, occurs in 12-16% of patients with the disease, and 60-78% of such cases is nephrotic syndrome. Reported etiologies of nephrotic syndrome in Kimura's disease include membranous glomerulonephritis, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, minimal-change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis and immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy. There have been only two case reports of IgA nephropathy in Kimura's disease, in 1998. In this report, we present a third case of IgA nephropathy associated with Kimura's disease.

The Effect of Tibial Posterior Slope on Contact Force and Ligaments Stresses in Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty-Explicit Finite Element Analysis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of change in tibial posterior slope on contact force and ligament stress using finite element analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 3-dimensional finite element model for total knee arthroplasty was developed by using a computed tomography scan. For validation, the tibial translations were compared with previous studies. The finite element analysis was conducted under the standard gait cycle, and contact force on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and stresses on lateral and medial collateral ligaments were evaluated. RESULTS: The tibial translations showed similarity with previous studies. As the tibial posterior slope angle increases, the contact stress area increased and was well distributed, and the contact force on UHMWPE decreased overall. However, the maximum contact force in the case for 10degrees case was greater than those for others. The stresses on ligaments were the greatest and smallest in 0degrees and 10degrees cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The higher tibial posterior slope angle leads to the lower contact stress and more extensive stress distribution overall in posterior-stabilized total knee arthroscopy. However, it does not absolutely mean the smallest contact force. The stresses on ligaments increased with respect to the smaller tibial posterior slope angle.

Evaluation of Postoperative Range of Motion and Functional Outcomes after Cruciate-Retaining and Posterior-Stabilized High-Flexion Total Knee Arthroplasty

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare postoperative range of motion and functional outcomes among patients who received high-flexion total knee arthroplasty using cruciate-retaining (CR-Flex) and posterior-stabilized (PS-Flex) type prostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 127 patients (186 knees) who underwent high-flexion total knee arthroplasty between 2005 and 2007, 92 knees were placed in the CR-Flex group, and 94 knees were placed in the PS-Flex group. After two years of postoperative follow-up, clinical and radiographic data were reviewed. Postoperative non-weight-bearing range of knee motion, angle of flexion contracture and functional outcomes based on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) functional sub-scale were assessed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: After the 2-year postoperative period, the mean range of motion was 131degrees in the CR-Flex group and 133degrees in the PS-Flex group. There were no significant differences in postoperative range of motion between the two groups. Only age at operation and preoperative range of motion were significantly associated with postoperative range of motion after high-flexion total knee arthroplasty. Postoperative functional outcomes based on the WOMAC functional sub-scale were slightly better in the CR-Flex group (9.2+/-9.1 points) than in the PS-Flex group (11.9+/-9.6 points); however, this difference was not statistically significant (p=non-significant). CONCLUSION: The retention or substitution of the posterior cruciate ligament does not affect postoperative range of motion (ROM) or functional outcomes, according to 2 years of postoperative follow-up of high-flexion total knee arthroplasty.

Acute Dermal Toxicity Study of Bee Venom (Apis mellifera L.) in Rats

Bee venom (Apis mellifera L. BV) has been used as a cosmetic ingredient for anti-ageing, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity after a single dermal administration of BV, BV was administered to 2 groups of Sprague-Dawley (SD) male and female rats (5 animals/group) at doses of 0 and 1,500 mg/kg body weight (BW). Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross findings were continually monitored for 15 days following the single dose. There were no unscheduled deaths in any groups during the study period. No BV related clinical signs and body weight changes were observed in any groups during the study period. There were no abnormal gross findings at necropsy on day 15 after the treatment. On the basis of the above results, it was concluded that there were no treatment-related effect on mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross findings in SD rats treated with a single dermal dose of BV at dose of 1,500 mg/kg BW. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose of BV was considered to be over 1,500 mg/kg/day for both sexes of rats. BV may provide a developmental basis for a cosmetic ingredient or external application for topical uses.

The Effects of Bee Venom on the Proliferation and Activation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bee venom (BV) has been used as a traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases, and the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and anticancer activity of BV has been studied over the past few years. This study was designed to investigate the effects of BV on the production of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and on the proliferation of these cells. In addition, we investigated the potential cytotoxic effects of BV on PBMCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PBMCs from healthy human volunteers were stimulated with 5 microg/mL phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and 10 microg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of different concentrations of BV. The cytotoxic effects of BV were measured using an aqueous cell proliferation assay kit and the supernatants were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-5 (IL-5), and interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) levels were measured to determine the activation status of PBMCs. RESULT: Although BV alone did not have a cytotoxic effect on PBMCs, PHA- and LPS-induced cytokine production was significantly inhibited by BV. TNF-alpha and INF-gamma production was inhibited by a lower concentration (0.5-1 microg/mL) of BV than IL-5 (6 microg/mL). CONCLUSION: BV seems to be relatively safe as a modulator of cytokine production by PBMCs. These experimental data suggest that BV could be used to treat immunologic and inflammatory diseases.

Wound Healing Effect of Bacterial Synthesized Cellulose on Full Thickness Skin Defect in the Rat

PURPOSE: Cellulose is a natural substance from plants or bacteria. It is known that bacterial synthesized cellulose has an effect of wound healing. The aim of this study is to show the effect of bacterial synthesized cellulose from citrus on wound healing. METHODS: Three full-thickness skin defects were made on the back of Sprague-Dawley rats. Three wounds were treated by vaseline gauze(Group V), Algisite M(R)(Group A) and bacterial synthesized cellulose from citrus(Group C) was used for dressing on skin defect on rats. We analyzed the gross, histological and biochemistry finding. RESULTS: Group C showed more decrease of wound size compared to Group V(33% versus 7.2#) after 14 days. The histologic findings revealed Group C and Group A preceed the process of wound healing rather than Group V(More rapid collagen deposition and neovascularization and reduced inflammation). Also, the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and transforming growth factor(TGF)-beta1 were increased in the Group C and Group A compared with the Group V in 7 days. VEGF and TGF-beta1 expression were decreased in the Group C and Group A in 14 days, however Group V was not decreased at 14 day because of delayed wound healing process. CONCLUSION: Bacterial synthesized cellulose from citrus affects wound healing by reducing the inflammatory stage. And stimulates wound contracture by the deposition of extracellular matrix, thus preventing the formation of chronic wounds.